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Methadone is a synthetic narcotic analgesic The other major synthetic narcotic is meperidine (Demerol). Narcotic analgesics derived from opium are morphine, heroin (diacetylmorphine), and codeine.
The most potent narcotic analgesic is
1) Morphine
2) Pethidine
3) Methadone
4) Pentazocine
Isoproterenol is used in the management of bronchospasm during anesthesia;
adjunctive treatment for shock.
Syncope may be treated with any of the following drug except
1) Phenylephrine
2) Oxygen
3) Ephedrine
4) Isoproterenol
Enfuvirtide is an HIV fusion inhibitor that binds to the gp41 glycoprotein on the viral envelope. This prevents fusion of the viral envelope with the CD4+ T-cell membrane, thereby blocking viral entry into host cells. Because the virus cannot enter the cell, infection and replication are prevented.
How do fusion inhibitors, such as enfuvirtide, prevent HIV infection?
1). By blocking the fusion of the HIV envelope with the host cell membrane
2). By inhibiting reverse transcriptase
3). By interfering with viral protein processing
4). By disrupting viral RNA transcription
Treatment of meningococcal meningitis:
Drug of choice – Penicillin G
In case of penicillin resistance, third generation cephalosporins should be used ( Ceftriaxone / CefotaximeIn case of penicillin / cephalosporin allergy, Chloramphenicol is used
Which of the following is used in the treatment of meningococcal meningitis in patients allergic to penicillin?
1) Ciprofloxacin
2) Teicoplanin
3) Meropenem
4) Chloramphenicol
Beta-blockers, such as propranolol, labetalol, and pindolol, can have membrane stabilizing effects (eg, quinidinelike effects, Vaughan-Williams class I antiarrhythmic effects). This property, usually not evident with therapeutic doses, may significantly contribute to toxicity by prolonging QRS duration and impairing cardiac conduction. Seizures are more commonly observed in the drugs with quinidinelike membrane stabilizing effects.
Nonselective beta blocker possessing quinidine-like membrane stabilizing effects.
1) pindolol
2) acebutolol
3) sotalol
4) esmolol
Treatment of acute gout is mainly to control symptoms, i.e. pain, swelling etc.
The symptoms of acute gout are due to inflammation in the joints.
So, drugs which decrease inflammation are used in acute gout, i.e. anti-inflammatory drugs. Drugs are:- NSAIDs, Colchicine, Corticosteroids
Drug used in acute gout is?
1) Aspirin
2) Indomethacin
3) Phenylbutazone
4) Allopurinol
Thyroid inhibitors
a) Inhibit hormone synthesis (anti thyroid drugs): Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Carbimazole
b) Inhibit iodine trapping (ionic inhibitors): Thiocyanates, Perchlorates, Nitrates.
c) Inhibit hormone release: Iodine, NaI, Kl
d) Destroy thyroid tissue: Radioactive iodine
The drug of choice for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy is?
1 Carbimazole
2 Iodine therapy
3 Propylthiouracil
4 Metimazole
First-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine act as competitive antagonists (inverse agonists) at histamine H1 receptors. They block the effects of histamine in peripheral tissues, reducing itching, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and edema. Because they readily cross the blood-brain barrier, they also block central H1 receptors, producing sedation and drowsiness.
How do first-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, exert their therapeutic effects in allergic reactions?
1). By blocking the release of histamine from mast cells
2). By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
3). By competitively blocking histamine H1 receptors in both the central and peripheral nervous systems
4). By increasing the degradation of histamine in the liver
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