MDS PREP
A 45-year-old male presents with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, nausea, vomiting, and malaise after consuming a large meal at a buffet. His stool is watery and non-bloody. His blood pressure is normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Peptic ulcer
2) Gallstones
3) Pancreatitis
4) Clostridium perfringens food poisoning
The rapid onset of symptoms after a large meal at a buffet, along with the presence of severe epigastric pain and watery diarrhea, suggests a gastrointestinal infection. Clostridium perfringens is a common cause of foodborne illness and typically presents within 8 to 16 hours of ingestion. The condition is usually self-limiting and improves with supportive care.
Presence of cavitation in TB indicates the disease is
1) Active
2) Inactive
3) Persistent
4) Super infection
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Presence of cavitation in TB indicates the disease is active
What is the primary target organ of toxicity in Wilson’s disease?
1) Liver
2) Pancreas
3) Brain
4) Kidneys
In the brain, Wilson’s disease primarily affects the basal ganglia, particularly the putamen, leading to the neurological symptoms mentioned earlier. While the liver and kidneys can also be involved, the central nervous system is the primary target organ for toxicity.
What is the most common cause of secondary hypoadrenalism?
1) Pituitary tumor
2) Adrenal tumor
3) Pituitary apoplexy
4) Sheehan's syndrome
Secondary hypoadrenalism occurs due to decreased stimulation of the adrenal glands by the pituitary gland, most commonly as a result of a pituitary tumor, such as a prolactinoma or nonfunctioning adenoma, which compresses the pituitary gland and impairs its ability to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
What is the principal function of ceruloplasmin in the body?
1) Transport of iron
2) Transport of copper
3) Inhibition of serum proteases
4) Osmotic regulation
Ceruloplasmin is a protein synthesized in the liver and is the major copper-transporting protein in the bloodstream. It is essential for the maintenance of iron homeostasis and the metabolism of iron and copper.
Commonest type of lung carcinoma in non-smokers
1) Squamous cell carcinoma
2) Adenocarcinoma
3) Alveolar cell carcinoma
4) Small cell carcinoma
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent lung carcinoma type among non-smokers, often linked to genetic mutations and environmental factors rather than smoking.
A 55-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with increasing shortness of breath and cough with greenish sputum. His chest X-ray shows consolidation in the right middle lobe. Which of the following is the most likely pathogen?
1) Streptococcus pneumoniae
2) Haemophilus influenzae
3) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
4) Legionella pneumophila
In a patient with COPD presenting with community-acquired pneumonia, the most common bacterial pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae. The consolidation on chest X-ray and the presence of purulent sputum are characteristic features of bacterial pneumonia.
What is the typical endoscopic appearance of the small intestine in patients with untreated celiac disease?
1) Normal
2) Atrophic villi
3) Ulcers
4) Inflamed mucosa
Untreated celiac disease leads to villous atrophy, where the finger-like projections of the intestinal mucosa become flattened, reducing the surface area for nutrient absorption.