MDS PREP
What is the typical location of involvement in Crohn's disease?
1) Proximal small intestine
2) Distal small intestine
3) Large intestine
4) Both small and large intestines
Crohn's disease most commonly affects the distal ileum, which is the last part of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine.
A newborn baby has severe bleeding. Which of the following coagulation factor deficiencies is the most common cause of this condition?
1) Factor II deficiency
2) Factor V deficiency
3) Factor VIII deficiency
4) Factor X deficiency
In newborns, factor VIII deficiency, known as Hemophilia A, is the most common cause of severe bleeding. It is an X-linked recessive disorder, which means that females are carriers and males are affected. The severity of the bleeding is indicative of the lack of this crucial coagulation factor.
A 35-year-old male with a history of alcoholism presents with confusion, tremors, and hypotension. His blood tests show elevated serum ammonia levels. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Hepatic encephalopathy
2) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
3) Delirium tremens
4) Alcoholic ketoacidosis
The combination of confusion, tremors, and elevated serum ammonia levels in the setting of alcoholism suggests hepatic encephalopathy, which can occur due to liver dysfunction.
What is the typical treatment for acute alcoholic hepatitis?
1) Corticosteroids
2) Vitamin supplementation
3) Abstinence from alcohol
4) Nutritional support
The cornerstone of treatment for acute alcoholic hepatitis is complete abstinence from alcohol. This allows the liver to recover and reduces the risk of progression to more severe forms of liver disease, such as cirrhosis. Corticosteroids may be used in severe cases, but their use is controversial and not universally recommended.
What is the treatment of choice for iron removal in hemochromatosis?
1) Iron supplements
2) Chelation therapy
3) Phlebotomy
4) Dietary restriction of iron
The treatment of choice for hemochromatosis is phlebotomy, which involves the regular removal of blood to reduce iron levels in the body. This method is more effective and safer for most patients compared to chelating agents, which are reserved for cases where phlebotomy is not feasible or when there is severe anemia or hypoproteinemia.
What is the typical clinical presentation of acute alcoholic hepatitis?
1) Asymptomatic, with mild transaminitis
2) Fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain
3) Diarrhea and vomiting
4) Generalized edema
Acute alcoholic hepatitis typically presents with fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. It is characterized by hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation.
Which of the following is NOT a complication of chronic kidney disease?
1) Hypertension
2) Anemia
3) Hyperkalemia
4) Hypernatremia
Chronic kidney disease can lead to hypertension, anemia, and hyperkalemia due to impaired renal function. However, hypernatremia is typically associated with decreased water intake or increased water loss, not increased sodium levels.
A patient with chronic kidney disease is found to have a serum uric acid level of 8.0 mg/dL. This is most likely due to:
1) Excessive dietary purine intake
2) Decreased glomerular filtration rate
3) Excessive lactate production
4) Impaired tubular secretion of uric acid
Chronic kidney disease can lead to hyperuricemia due to decreased glomerular filtration rate, resulting in decreased excretion of uric acid by the kidneys.