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MDS PREP

Precancerous potential in Plummer-Vinson syndrome may be due to change in the epithelium like 
 1. Atrophy
 2. Hypertrophy
 3. Acanthosia
 4. All the above
Oral Pathology Answer: 1

Plummer-Vinson syndrome is associated with atrophic changes in the
epithelium, which can lead to an increased risk of cancer
Plummer-Vinson syndrome is characterized by a classic triad of
clinical features: dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), iron-deficiency anemia,
and esophageal webs. Additional symptoms may include glossitis (inflammation of
the tongue), koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails), and cheilitis (inflammation of
the lips). 
Clinical Features of Plummer-Vinson Syndrome:


Dysphagia:

Difficulty swallowing due to the presence of esophageal webs, which
can obstruct the esophagus.



Iron-Deficiency Anemia:

Resulting from chronic blood loss or malabsorption, leading to
fatigue and weakness.



Esophageal Webs:

Thin membranes that form in the esophagus, contributing to
swallowing difficulties.



Glossitis:

Inflammation of the tongue, which may appear smooth and swollen.



Koilonychia:

Spoon-shaped nails that can indicate iron deficiency.



Cheilitis:

Inflammation and cracking of the lips, often associated with
nutritional deficiencies.



Fatigue and Weakness:

Common symptoms due to anemia and nutritional deficiencies.



Associated Risks:

Esophageal Cancer:
There is an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer in
individuals with Plummer-Vinson syndrome.



Prevention:


Iron Intake:

Ensuring adequate dietary iron may help prevent the onset of this
syndrome. Diagnosis and Management:



Diagnosis:

Diagnosis is typically made through clinical evaluation, endoscopy,
and imaging studies to identify esophageal webs and assess for anemia.



Management:

Treatment often involves iron supplementation to address anemia and
dietary modifications to improve iron intake. In some cases, dilation of
esophageal webs may be necessary to alleviate dysphagia



In the context of autoimmune diseases, which autoantibody is primarily associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
1) Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody
2) Anti-double stranded DNA antibody
3) Anti-histone antibody
4) Rheumatoid factor

General Pathology Answer: 4

Rheumatoid factor is the autoantibody primarily associated with rheumatoid arthritis, indicating an autoimmune response.

Sickle cell trait patient do not have manifestations as that of Sickle cell disease, because-
1) 50% HbS is required for occurrence of sickling
2) HbA prevents sickling
3) 50% sickles
4) HbA prevents polymerization of Hbs
General Pathology Answer: 2

HbA prevents sickling in sickle cell trait patients because the presence of normal hemoglobin (HbA) reduces the proportion of HbS, preventing polymerization.

The primary defect which leads to sickle cell anemia is -
1) An abnormality in porphyrin part of hemoglobin
2) Replacement of glutamate by valine in ?-chain of HbA
3) A nonsense mutation in the ?-chain of HbA
4) Substitution of valine by glutamate in the ?-chain of HbA
General Pathology Answer: 2

The primary defect in sickle cell anemia is the replacement of glutamic acid by valine in the ?-chain of hemoglobin, leading to the sickling of red blood cells.

In sickle cell trait, number of bands found in Hb-
1) 2
2) 1
3) 4
4) 5
General Pathology Answer: 1

In sickle cell trait, the number of bands found in hemoglobin is typically 2, representing both HbA and HbS.

Which of the following may be a feature of acromegaly? 
 1. Large tongue
 2. Micrognathia
 3. Hypoglycaemia
 4. Crowded teeth
Oral Pathology Answer: 1

A large tongue is a common feature of acromegaly.

Most radioresistant cells are 
 1. Lymphocytes
 2. Granulocytes
 3. Muscle cells
 4. Connective tissue cells
Oral Pathology Answer: 3

Muscle cells are the most radioresistant cells.


An exophytic papillary lesionof the hard palate, consisting of a luminal layer of columnar cells resting on a cuboidal basal layer, with the connective tissue papillae containing plasma cells, could be 
 1. Monomorphic adenoma
 2. Simple ductal papilloma
 3. Oxyphilic adenoma
 4. Sialadenoma papilliferum
Oral Pathology Answer: 4


Sialadenoma papilliferum is a rare, benign
salivary gland tumor typically occurring in the palate. It presents as an
exophytic, papillary lesion and histologically shows a dual epithelial layer
(columnar and cuboidal) with connective tissue cores that may contain plasma
cells. The other options, such as monomorphic adenoma or simple ductal papilloma,
lack these specific histological features.

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