MDS PREP
A 65-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with increasing shortness of breath, productive cough, and fatigue. His chest X-ray shows hyperinflation of the lungs with flattened diaphragms. Which of the following medications is most likely contributing to his symptoms?
1) Inhaled corticosteroids
2) Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs)
3) Anticholinergics
4) Oxygen therapy
Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) can contribute to symptoms of increasing shortness of breath in patients with COPD.
All of the following statements about thrush are true EXCEPT
1. It is caused by a gram-negative fungus
2. It is characterized by a plaque of proliferating epithelial and other cells
3. It is a complication of immunosuppression or systemic disease
4. It can affect neonates in an epidemic fashion
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Explanation:
It is caused by a gram-negative fungus: This statement
is not true. Thrush is caused by Candida albicans,
which is a yeast (fungus) but not a gram-negative organism. In fact, fungi
are not classified as gram-positive or gram-negative in the same way that
bacteria are. Candida is a eukaryotic organism and does not fit
into the gram classification system.
It is characterized by a plaque of proliferating epithelial and
other cells: This statement is true. Thrush
presents as white patches or plaques in the oral cavity, which consist of
fungal elements, dead epithelial cells, and inflammatory cells.
It is a complication of immunosuppression or systemic disease:
This statement is true. Thrush is commonly seen in
individuals who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer
patients undergoing chemotherapy, or individuals on long-term corticosteroid
therapy.
It can affect neonates in an epidemic fashion: This
statement is true. Thrush can indeed affect neonates,
particularly those born to mothers with vaginal candidiasis, and outbreaks
can occur in neonatal intensive care units.
The odontoma which resembles anatomy of normal teeth is a
1) Composite odontoma
2) Compound odontoma
3) Complex odontoma
4) Complex compound odontoma
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Explanation: A compound odontoma is a type of odontogenic tumor that consists of multiple small tooth-like structures (denticles) and resembles the anatomy of normal teeth. In contrast, a complex odontoma has a more disorganized structure and does not resemble normal teeth.
Which of the following additional clinical findings would MOST be associated with a woman who has oral mucosal swelling, xerostomia, and intense salivary gland destructive inflammation?
1) Conjunctivitis
2) Goiter
3) Hemolytic anemia
4) Proximal muscle weakness
Conjunctivitis is often associated with Sjögren's syndrome, which can cause oral mucosal swelling and xerostomia.
Grid is used
1. To remove secondary radiation
2. Filter the radiation
3. Removes scattered radiation
4. None of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Grids are used to remove scattered radiation from the X-ray beam.
Hypercalcaemia is seen in
1. Hyperparathyroidism
2. Hypoparathyroidism
3. Hyperthyroidism
4. Hypthyroidism
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Hypercalcemia is commonly seen in hyperparathyroidism.
A 28-year-old man presents with sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in his right testicle. On examination, the testicle is tender, swollen, and warm to the touch. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Testicular torsion
2) Epididymitis
3) Hydrocele
4) Inguinal hernia
Testicular torsion is the most likely diagnosis for sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in the testicle.
Darier"s disease is the other name for
1. Pernicious anaemia
2. Deficiency of Vit A involving mucosa and epithelium
3. Rickets involving teeth and bones
4. Protein malnutrition
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Darier’s disease is associated with a deficiency of Vitamin A involving mucosa and epithelium.