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Blue sclera are present in 
 1. Marfan"s syndrome
 2. Cherubism
 3. Osteogenesis imperfecta
 4. All of the above
Oral Pathology Answer: 4

Blue sclera are present in osteogenesis imperfecta.

Virchow�s triad includes all except:
1) Injury to vein
2) Venous thrombosis
3) Hypercoagulability of blood
4) Venous stasis
General Pathology Answer: 2

Venous thrombosis is not part of Virchow�s triad; the triad includes injury to the vein, hypercoagulability, and venous stasis.


Clinical features of which of the following include conjunctivitis, urethritis mucocutaneous lesions and arthritis?�
�1. Behcet"s syndrome
�2. Hodgkin"s disease
�3. Grinspan syndrome
�4. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Oral Pathology Answer: 1

Beh�et's syndrome is a systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis (which can lead to conjunctivitis), skin lesions, and arthritis.

Which of the following statements about Addison's disease is correct?
1) Addison's disease is caused by excessive secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
2) Hyperpigmentation is not a classic physical finding in Addison's disease.
3) The mosaic pattern of bone is a characteristic of Addison's disease.
4) Increased incidence of astrocytomas is associated with Addison's disease.

General Pathology Answer: 2

Hyperpigmentation is a classic physical finding in Addison's disease, which is caused by adrenal insufficiency.

The epithelium which covers a healed ulcer is derived from

1. undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the ulcer

2. intact epithelium at the ulcer margin

3. transformation of fibroblasts to epithelial cells

4. endothelial cells via the blood stream


Oral Pathology Answer: 2


The epithelium which covers a healed ulcer is derived from intact epithelium at the ulcer margin


The Maximum penetration among the following is seen with which ray 
 1. Alpha
 2. Beta
 3. Gamma
 4. Electron beam
Oral Pathology Answer: 3

Gamma rays have the maximum penetration among the listed types of radiation.

Immune surveillance is an effective host defence against tumours because:

1. Tumour cells are of different shapes and sizes

2. Tumour cells have lost growth control

3. Tumour cells have genetic alterations which result in expression of nonself proteins

4. Immune surveillance is a hypothetical concept

Pathology Answer: 3

Tumour cells have genetic alterations which result in expression of nonself proteins: This is the most accurate statement regarding immune surveillance. Tumor cells often undergo genetic mutations that lead to the expression of abnormal proteins (neoantigens) that are not present in normal cells. These nonself proteins can be recognized by the immune system as foreign, triggering an immune response. This recognition is a key aspect of how immune surveillance functions effectively against tumors.

What is the primary mechanism of tissue damage in a tuberculin reaction?
1) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
2) Local anaphylaxis
3) Direct cytotoxic effects of CD8+ T cells
4) Activation of macrophages by CD4+ memory T cells

General Pathology Answer: 4

The primary mechanism of tissue damage in a tuberculin reaction is the activation of macrophages by CD4+ memory T cells.

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