MDS PREP
A patient has a congenital deficiency of which of the following factors leading to bleeding diathesis?
1) Factor II
2) Factor V
3) Factor X
4) Factor XII
Parahemophilia is a congenital deficiency of factor V, which is less severe than Hemophilia A or B. It leads to a mild bleeding diathesis. Factor XII deficiency is associated with Hageman trait, which typically does not cause a significant bleeding tendency.
Presence of cavitation in TB indicates the disease is
1) Active
2) Inactive
3) Persistent
4) Super infection
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Presence of cavitation in TB indicates the disease is active
Which of the following is NOT a component of the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?
1) Factor XII
2) Factor XI
3) Tissue factor
4) Factor X
Tissue factor is actually a component of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. The intrinsic pathway involves factors XII, XI, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, and factors VIII, IX, and X.
A patient with hyperparathyroidism presents with peptic ulcer disease. What is the most likely underlying mechanism?
1) Direct action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on gastric mucosa
2) Indirect effects of PTH-induced hypercalcemia on gastric acid secretion
3) Secondary hypergastrinemia due to vitamin D deficiency
4) Autonomic neuropathy affecting gastric emptying
Hypercalcemia, which is commonly seen in hyperparathyroidism, can suppress gastric mucosal function and lead to peptic ulcer disease.
Crohn's disease is characterized by which of the following features during a colonoscopy?
1) Cobblestone appearance of the mucosa
2) Strictures and skip lesions
3) Longitudinal ulcers and creeping fat
4) All of the above
Crohn's disease typically presents with a cobblestone appearance of the mucosa due to the alternating involvement of diseased and healthy mucosal segments, strictures and skip lesions due to transmural inflammation affecting all layers of the bowel wall, and creeping fat, which is mesenteric fat wrapping around the bowel surface.
Drug of choice in chronic lymphatic leukaemia is
1) Busulphan
2) Vincristine
3) Chlorambucil
4) Mercaptopurine
General Medicine
Answer: 3
Chlorambucil is an alkylating agent that is commonly used as the first-line treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It is effective in managing the disease and is preferred due to its favorable side effect profile compared to other chemotherapeutic agents.
What is the most common cause of death in patients with anaphylactic shock?
1) Respiratory failure due to bronchoconstriction
2) Cardiac arrest due to arrhythmias
3) Seizures
4) Stroke
The most common cause of death in anaphylactic shock is respiratory failure resulting from bronchoconstriction and laryngeal edema. Immediate airway management and bronchodilation are critical in the treatment of anaphylaxis.
The most frequent source of pulmonary embolism is
1) Leg veins
2) Heart
3) Arm veins
4) Splenic vein
General Medicine
Answer: 1
The most frequent source of pulmonary embolism is leg veins