MDS PREP
Which of the following is the first drug to be prescribed in status asthmaticus?
1) Salbutamol
2) Humidified oxygen inhalation
3) Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate
4) Sodium bicarbonate infusion
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Status asthmaticus/Refractory asthma
Any patient of asthma is susceptible to develop acute severe asthma which may be life-threatening. Upper respiratory tract infection is the most common precipitant.
(i) Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 100 mg (or equivalent dose of another glucocorticoid) i.v. stat, followed by 100-200 mg 4-8 hourly infusion; may take upto 6 hours to act.
(ii) Nebulized salbutamol (2.5-5 mg) + ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg) intermittent inhalations driven by O2 .
(iii) High flow humidified oxygen inhalation
(iv) Salbutamol/terbutaline 0.4 mg i.m./s.c. may be added since inhaled drug might not get to smaller bronchi owing to severe narrowing/plugging with secretions
(v) Intubation and mechanical ventilation if needed
(vi) intensive antibiotic therapy to be used for treating chest infection
(vii) Treat dehydration and acidosis with saline + sod. Bicarbonate/lactate infusion.
Which of the following antiviral drugs cannot be given orally?
1) Zidovudine
2) Zalcitabine
3) Acyclovir
4) Iodoxuridine
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Idoxuridine acts as an antiviral agent against DNA viruses by inhibiting thymidilate phosphorylase and viral DNA polymerases.
The effect of Idoxuridine results in the inability of the virus to reproduce or to infect/destroy tissue.
This product is available in the following dosage forms:Solution and Ointment
Heparin
1) is a glycosaminoglycan
2) potentiates thrombin
3) has a half life of 3-4 hours
4) is normally given IM
Pharmacology Answer: 1
GlycosaminoglycAnswer (GAGs) are heteropolysaccharides. These molecules are long unbranched polysaccharides containing a repeating disaccharide unit. The disaccharide units contain either of two modified sugars N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and a uronic acid such as glucuronate or iduronate. The specific GAGs of physiological significance are hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate.
Following drug interact with cefotaxime?
1) Digoxin
2) Paracetamol
3) Loop diuretics
4) Nifedipine
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Nephrotoxicity of cephalosporins is accentuated by concurrent administration of loop diuretics.
The penicillin with the best gram negative spectrum is
1. methicillin
2. phenethicillin
3. ampicillin
4. penicillin V
Pharmacology
Answer: 3
The penicillin with the best gram negative spectrum is ampicillin
A medication that may elicit headache as a side effect :
1) thiazide
2) Methyldopa
3) hydralazine
4) Procainamide
Pharmacology Answer: 3
A number of medications may elicit headache as a side effect.
Common offenders include nitroglycerin, hydralazine, calcium-channel blockers, digitalis, and estrogen.
Recreational drugs such as nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, and amphetamines can also induce headache.
Syncope may be treated with any of the following drug except
1) Phenylephrine
2) Oxygen
3) Ephedrine
4) Isoproterenol
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Isoproterenol is used in the management of bronchospasm during anesthesia;
adjunctive treatment for shock.
All of the following statements are true regarding the cephalosporin
antibiotics except
1). they are bactericidal
2). they are ineffective against gram negative microorganisms
3). they are potentially cross allergenic with penicillin
4). they are resistant to penicillinase
Pharmacology Answer: 2
cephalosporin are bactericidal, are potentially cross allergenic with penicillin, resistant to penicillinase