MDS PREP
A 25-year-old pregnant woman presents with complaints of mild abdominal pain and diarrhea. Her blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg and her urine output is decreased. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
(1) Gestational diabetes
(2) Urinary tract infection
(3) Hyperemesis gravidarum
(4) Intestinal obstruction
Hyperemesis gravidarum is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. The patient's symptoms and signs of dehydration (low blood pressure and decreased urine output) support this diagnosis.
Which of the following is a true statement about amylase levels in pleural fluid?
(1) High amylase levels in pleural fluid indicate a pancreatic origin of the effusion
(2) High amylase levels in pleural fluid are always due to esophageal rupture
(3) High amylase levels in pleural fluid can be seen in both pancreatic and esophageal rupture
(4) High amylase levels in pleural fluid are diagnostic of pulmonary tuberculosis
High amylase levels in pleural fluid can indicate either a pancreatic or an esophageal origin of the effusion. It is not specific to one condition and further diagnostic tests are needed to determine the source.
Condition not associated with primary inflammation
1. Pregnancy
2. Dilantin therapy
3. Vit-C deficiency
4. Puberty
Oral Medicine
Answer: 2
What is the primary defect in familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
1) Marked increase in muscle potassium permeability
2) Marked decrease in muscle sodium permeability
3) Marked decrease in muscle potassium permeability
4) Impaired sodium-potassium pump function
In familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis, the primary defect is a decrease in muscle potassium permeability, leading to a reduced efflux of potassium from muscle cells.
In a patient with generalized muscle weakness following barium carbonate ingestion, what is the most likely underlying cause?
1) Hypermagnesemia
2) Hypokalemia
3) Hyperkalemia
4) Hypocalcemia
Barium carbonate can cause muscle weakness by increasing muscle sodium permeability and decreasing potassium permeability, leading to a large shift of extracellular potassium into muscle cells, resulting in hypokalemia.
What is the target INR range for a patient on warfarin therapy to undergo minor oral surgery?
(1) Less than 2
(2) 2-3
(3) 3-4
(4) Less than 1.5
For a patient on warfarin therapy, the target INR (International Normalized Ratio) for undergoing minor oral surgery is typically 2-3. This range provides adequate thromboprophylaxis while minimizing the risk of excessive bleeding. However, the decision to proceed with surgery should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the patient's overall health and surgical risks.
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing venous thrombosis?
1) Orthopedic surgery
2) Lung cancer
3) Estrogen use for contraception
4) DVT in a family member
While lung cancer itself is not a direct risk factor for venous thrombosis, it can be associated with hypercoagulable states due to the presence of tumor cells or paraneoplastic syndromes. The other options (orthopedic surgery, estrogen use for contraception, and a family history of DVT) are all recognized conditions that increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.
In which condition is the plasma cholesterol level increased?
1) Hyperthyroidism
2) Obstructive jaundice
3) Nephrotic syndrome
4) Diabetes mellitus
Obstructive jaundice is associated with increased cholesterol levels due to impaired cholesterol metabolism.