MDS PREP
A young boy, Hori Lal, developed respiratory distress. On examination, the chest X-ray showed hyperinflation of one lung. Which of the following is the most possible diagnosis
1) Congenital lobar emphysema
2) Foreign body aspiration
3) Bronchiectasis
4) Atelectasis
General Medicine
Answer: 2
The most possible diagnosis is foreign body aspiration
What is the treatment of choice for iron removal in hemochromatosis?
1) Iron supplements
2) Chelation therapy
3) Phlebotomy
4) Dietary restriction of iron
The treatment of choice for hemochromatosis is phlebotomy, which involves the regular removal of blood to reduce iron levels in the body. This method is more effective and safer for most patients compared to chelating agents, which are reserved for cases where phlebotomy is not feasible or when there is severe anemia or hypoproteinemia.
In which of the following conditions is the prevalence of nephrotic syndrome more common in children than in adults?
1) Membranous nephropathy
2) Minimal-change disease
3) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Minimal-change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, with a prevalence of 65%. In contrast, it is less common in adults, affecting only 10% of cases.
Site of damage in Bell"s palsy is
1) Exit of facial nerve at stylomastoid foramen
2) Labyrinthine portion of VII nerve within facial canal
3) Within parotid gland
4) None
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Damage in Bell's palsy typically occurs in the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve (VII) as it travels through the temporal bone.
In a patient with a pulmonary embolism, which of the following is the most sensitive diagnostic test?
1) Chest X-ray
2) D-dimer assay
3) Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA)
4) Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
CTPA is the most sensitive diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism, as it directly visualizes the emboli in the pulmonary arteries.
As opposed to lobar pneumonia bronchopneumonia is characterised grossly and microscopically by
1) Patchy inflammatory distribution
2) Organization of alveolar exudates
3) Diffuse inflammatory distribution
4) Inflammation of bronchus
General Medicine
Answer: 1
As opposed to lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia is characterized grossly and microscopically by patchy inflammatory distribution
Heimlich manoeuver is carried out in
1) Syncope
2) Airway obstruction
3) Carotid blow out
4) Cardiac arrest
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Heimlich manoeuver is carried out in airway obstruction
What is the primary mechanism of action of adrenaline in treating anaphylactic shock?
1) Blocking the release of mediators from mast cells
2) Directly counteracting the effects of histamine on H1 receptors
3) Acting on beta-2 adrenergic receptors to dilate bronchioles and alpha-1 receptors to constrict blood vessels
4) Inhibiting the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins
Adrenaline primarily works by binding to beta-2 receptors, causing bronchodilation and increasing cardiac output, and to alpha-1 receptors, causing vasoconstriction. This helps to counteract the vasodilatory and bronchoconstrictive effects of histamine.