MDS PREP
Spironolactone is most useful in
1) Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
2) Conn"s syndrome
3) Cushing syndrome
4) Acromegaly
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic often employed in the treatment of Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) to counteract excess aldosterone's effects.
A patient has a congenital deficiency of which of the following factors leading to bleeding diathesis?
1) Factor II
2) Factor V
3) Factor X
4) Factor XII
Parahemophilia is a congenital deficiency of factor V, which is less severe than Hemophilia A or B. It leads to a mild bleeding diathesis. Factor XII deficiency is associated with Hageman trait, which typically does not cause a significant bleeding tendency.
A patient with a history of alcohol abuse presents with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia. The most likely diagnosis is:
1) Alcoholic hepatitis
2) Cirrhosis
3) Pancreatitis
4) Hepatic encephalopathy
The combination of jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia suggests that the patient has developed cirrhosis of the liver due to chronic alcohol abuse.
Commonest type of lung carcinoma in non-smokers
1) Squamous cell carcinoma
2) Adenocarcinoma
3) Alveolar cell carcinoma
4) Small cell carcinoma
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent lung carcinoma type among non-smokers, often linked to genetic mutations and environmental factors rather than smoking.
Most common symptom of pulmonary embolism
1) Chest pain
2) Dyspnoea
3) Haemoptysis
4) Cough
General Medicine
Answer: 2
The most common symptom of pulmonary embolism is dyspnoea
What is the typical presentation of a "brown tumor" in a patient with hyperparathyroidism?
1) Well-circumscribed, lytic lesion in the skull
2) Expansile, osteolytic lesion in the long bones
3) Well-circumscribed, dark brown area in the region of severe bone resorption
4) Osteoblastic lesion with increased bone density
Brown tumors are benign fibro-osseous lesions that occur in the context of hyperparathyroidism due to increased osteoclast activity and bone resorption. They are typically seen in areas of high bone turnover.
What is the earliest symptom of Parkinsonism?
1) Rigidity
2) Bradykinesia
3) Tremor
4) Postural instability
The earliest symptom of Parkinsonism is typically a resting tremor, which often begins in one hand, leg, or chin and progresses over time.
In the synthesis of which protein is vitamin K an essential cofactor?
1) Factor II
2) Factor V
3) Factor VIII
4) Factor X
Vitamin K is a crucial cofactor in the carboxylation of glutamate residues in the synthesis of prothrombin (factor II), which is essential for its activity. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to decreased levels of factor II, resulting in a bleeding tendency known as hypoprothrombinemia.