MDS PREP
The most frequent source of pulmonary embolism is
1) Leg veins
2) Heart
3) Arm veins
4) Splenic vein
General Medicine
Answer: 1
The most frequent source of pulmonary embolism is leg veins
A patient with a rare bleeding disorder has a prolonged aPTT and a prolonged PT. Which coagulation factor is likely deficient?
1) Factor V
2) Factor VIII
3) Factor X
4) Factor XII
Both the aPTT (activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) and PT (Prothrombin Time) are prolonged in the case of factor VIII deficiency, which is characteristic of Hemophilia A. This is because factor VIII is involved in both the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade.
In a patient with hyperparathyroidism, which of the following is NOT a feature of osteoporosis?
1) Decreased bone density
2) Increased bone turnover
3) Increased risk of fractures
4) Decreased bone resorption
Hyperparathyroidism typically leads to increased bone resorption due to the actions of PTH, which can result in osteoporosis characterized by decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures despite increased bone turnover.
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is an allergic reaction to
1) Drugs
2) House dust
3) Virus
4) Worms
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is often linked to parasitic infections, especially related to filarial infections, where the immune response to the worms leads to eosinophilia.
A 35-year-old male presents with a one-week history of low-grade fever, fatigue, and night sweats. His physical exam reveals a firm, non-tender, mobile left supraclavicular lymph node. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Lymphadenopathy due to a respiratory tract infection
2) Tuberculosis
3) Lymphoma
4) Metastatic cancer
The presence of a firm, non-tender, and mobile lymph node with systemic symptoms such as low-grade fever and night sweats suggests a possible infectious etiology. In this patient's age group, tuberculosis is more common than lymphoma or metastatic cancer.
A patient with diabetes mellitus presents with a non-healing foot ulcer. Which of the following is NOT a component of the comprehensive management of the ulcer?
1) Infection control
2) Daily wound dressing changes
3) Blood glucose management
4) Revascularization if indicated
While daily wound dressing changes are a part of ulcer care, the other options are more critical in the comprehensive management of diabetic foot ulcers.
What is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis in humans?
1) Hepatitis A
2) Hepatitis B
3) Hepatitis C
4) Alcohol abuse
While hepatitis B and C are both common causes of chronic hepatitis, hepatitis B is the most frequently encountered cause due to its high prevalence worldwide and its ability to persist in the body for long periods.
What is the primary mechanism of action of the heat-stable toxin produced by ETEC?
1) Increases intracellular cAMP
2) Increases intracellular cGMP
3) Induces lipid peroxidation
4) Inhibits DNA synthesis
The heat-stable toxin (ST) of ETEC increases intracellular cGMP, leading to increased fluid and electrolyte secretion into the gut lumen, contributing to the diarrheal illness.