MDS PREP
The most frequent source of pulmonary embolism is
1) Leg veins
2) Heart
3) Arm veins
4) Splenic vein
General Medicine
Answer: 1
The most frequent source of pulmonary embolism is leg veins
What is the primary target of the immune response in Celiac disease?
1) Glia cells in the intestinal mucosa
2) Gluten proteins
3) Enterocytes in the intestinal villi
4) Pancreatic cells
Celiac disease is an autoimmune response to gluten proteins found in wheat, barley, rye, and possibly other grains, which leads to inflammation and damage in the small intestine.
Cheyne-Strokes breathing may occur in
1) Severe heart failure
2) Normal persons during sleep at high altitude
3) Elder people
4) All
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Cheyne-Strokes breathing may occur in severe heart failure, normal persons during sleep at high altitude, and elder people
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is an allergic reaction to
1) Drugs
2) House dust
3) Virus
4) Worms
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is often linked to parasitic infections, especially related to filarial infections, where the immune response to the worms leads to eosinophilia.
A 35-year-old male presents with a one-week history of low-grade fever, fatigue, and night sweats. His physical exam reveals a firm, non-tender, mobile left supraclavicular lymph node. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Lymphadenopathy due to a respiratory tract infection
2) Tuberculosis
3) Lymphoma
4) Metastatic cancer
The presence of a firm, non-tender, and mobile lymph node with systemic symptoms such as low-grade fever and night sweats suggests a possible infectious etiology. In this patient's age group, tuberculosis is more common than lymphoma or metastatic cancer.
Crackling crepitations unaltered by coughing is characteristic of
1) Pulmonary tuberculosis
2) Interstitial lung disease
3) Klebsiella pneumonia
4) Lung abscess
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Crackling crepitations unaltered by coughing is characteristic of interstitial lung disease
Which of the following is NOT a component of the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?
1) Factor XII
2) Factor XI
3) Tissue factor
4) Factor X
Tissue factor is actually a component of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. The intrinsic pathway involves factors XII, XI, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, and factors VIII, IX, and X.
What is the most common complication of the nephrotic syndrome?
1) Hyperkalemia
2) Hypocalcemia
3) Thrombocytopenia
4) Hypertension
Hypertension is a common complication of the nephrotic syndrome due to the loss of protein in the urine, particularly albumin, which leads to decreased plasma oncotic pressure and subsequent fluid retention and increased blood volume.