MDS PREP
A dental patient on clonidine therapy for hypertension most often complains of
1) Xerostomia
2) Frequent visit to the bathroom
3) Restlessness
4) Postural hypertension
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Clonidine cause significant CNS depression and xerostomia
Which of the following has a uricosuric action:
1) Allopurinol
2) Losartan
3) Ramipril
4) Atenolol
Pharmacology Answer: 2
Losartan has a uricosuric action in addition to being an angiotensin receptor blocker.
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor which reduces the synthesis of uric acid.
Which of the following is used to decrease the toxicity of amphotericin B?
1) Dose reduction
2) Liposomal delivery systems
3) Supplementing glucose
4) Giving it along with flucytosine
Pharmacology Answer: 2
Liposomal delivery systems decrease the amount of free drug in the blood Infected cells interact with the liposomes, resulting in the release of amphotericin B at the site of action.
Ambroxol is a :
1) Mucolytic agent
2) Bronchial secretion enhancer
3) Antitussive
4) None of the above
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Expectorants (Mucokinetics)
(a) Bronchial secretion enhancers : Sodium or Potassium citrate, Potassium iodide, Guaiphenesin (Glyceryl guaiacolate), balsum of Tolu, Vasaka, Ammonium chloride.
(b) Mucolytics: Bromhexine Ambroxol Acetyl cysteine Carbocisteine
The neuromuscular blocker that does not need reversal of action by neostigmine at the end of the operation is :
1) d–Tubocurarine
2) Doxacurium
3) Pipecuronium
4) Mivacurium
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Long acting non-depolarizing (competitive) NM blocking agents require reversal with neostigmine.
Mivacurium is the shortest acting NDMR. It does not require reversal due to its short duration of action.
Mivacurium can be used in day care surgery.
Alkalinization of urine is done during administration of which of the following chemotherapeutic drugs?
1) Ara-C (Cytarabine)
2) Methotrexate
3) Cisplatin
4) Ifosfamide
Pharmacology Answer: 2
Alkalinization of urine is used in patients receiving high dose methotrexate to promote renal excretion and to avoid nephrotoxicity
IV Sodium bicarbonate is used to maintain urine pH above 7.0 to avoid precipitation of methotrexate (a weak acid) in the acid pH of renal tubules
Permanent auditory nerve deafness is frequently associated with use of
1. tetracycline
2. penicillin
3. bacitracin
4. streptomycin
Pharmacology
Answer: 4
Permanent auditory nerve deafness is frequently associated with use of streptomycin
One of the side-effects of prilocaine is
1) Gastric bleeding
2) Porphyria
3) Photophobia
4) Methemoglobinemia
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Methemoglobinemia is a condition in which the iron within hemoglobin is oxidized from the ferrous (Fe2+) state to the ferric (Fe3+) state, resulting in the inability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Clinically, this condition causes cyanosis, often posing a diagnostic dilemma
usually results from exposure to oxidizing substances (such as nitrates or nitrites, aniline dyes, or medications, including lidocaine, prilocaine, phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium], and others)