MDS PREP
The cause of death with opioid intoxication is
1. respiratory depression
2. cardiac arrest
3. terminal convulsions
4. oxygen apnea
Pharmacology
Answer: 1
The cause of death with opioid intoxication is respiratory depression
A dental patient on clonidine therapy for hypertension most often complains of
1) Xerostomia
2) Frequent visit to the bathroom
3) Restlessness
4) Postural hypertension
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Clonidine cause significant CNS depression and xerostomia
Which of the following antihypertensive drugs should not be used in a patient on Lithium in order to prevent Lithium Toxicity?
1) Clonidine
2) Beta blockers
3) Calcium Channel Blockers
4) Diuretics
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Diuretics increase sodium loss in urine and increase lithium retention. Hence they should not be used in patients on Lithium.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the phase III clinical trial of a drug?
1) It is intended to determine drug efficacy and toxicity on a large number of patients
2) It is performed only on primates
3) It is performed with only a few volunteer subjects
4) It is primarily intended to determine the LD50 of a drug
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Phase III studies are randomized controlled multicenter trials on large patient groups (300–3,000 or more depending upon the disease/medical condition studied) and are aimed at being the definitive assessment of how effective the drug is, in comparison with current 'gold standard' treatment.
Ambroxol is a :
1) Mucolytic agent
2) Bronchial secretion enhancer
3) Antitussive
4) None of the above
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Expectorants (Mucokinetics)
(a) Bronchial secretion enhancers : Sodium or Potassium citrate, Potassium iodide, Guaiphenesin (Glyceryl guaiacolate), balsum of Tolu, Vasaka, Ammonium chloride.
(b) Mucolytics: Bromhexine Ambroxol Acetyl cysteine Carbocisteine
MAO inhibitors are contraindicated in a patient taking?
1) Pethidine
2) Buprenorphine
3) Morphine
4) Pentazocine
Pharmacology Answer: 1
first choice pethidine
Use of MAO inhibitors in patient taking pethidine / pentazocine can precipitate serotonin syndrome.
Penicillinase may inactivate penicillin by splitting the
1. beta-lactum ring
2. benzene ring
3. amide bond
4. thiazolidine ring
Pharmacology
Answer: 1
Penicillinase may inactivate penicillin by splitting the beta-lactum ring
Chelating agent contraindicated in iron and cadmium poisoning
1) Penicillamine
2) Des ferroxamine
3) EDTA
4) BAL
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Dimercaprol (British antilewisite; BAL)
1. Poisoning by As, Hg, Au, Bi, Ni, Sb: it is administered i.m., 5 mg/kg stat, followed by 2-3 mg/kg every 4 – 8 hours for 2 days, then once or twice a day for 10 days. It is partly oxidized and glucuronide conjugated, but mainly excreted as such in 4 – 6 hours. Earlier the treatment is instituted, the better it is. Because the dimercaprolmetal complex dissociates faster in acidic urine and the released metal can damage the kidney, urine is alkalinized during dimercaprol therapy.
2. As an adjuvant to Cal. Disod. Edentate in lead poisoning.
3. As an adjuvant to penicillamine in Cu poisoning and in Wilson’s disease – 300 mg/day i.m. for 10 days every second month.
It is contraindicated in iron and cadmium poisoning, because the dimercaprol-Fe and dimercaprol-Cd complex is itself toxic.