MDS PREP
Which of the following is used to decrease the toxicity of amphotericin B?
1) Dose reduction
2) Liposomal delivery systems
3) Supplementing glucose
4) Giving it along with flucytosine
Pharmacology Answer: 2
Liposomal delivery systems decrease the amount of free drug in the blood Infected cells interact with the liposomes, resulting in the release of amphotericin B at the site of action.
Which one of the following drugs increases gastrointestinal motility?
1) Glycopyrrolate.
2) Atropine.
3) Neostigmine.
4) Fentanyl.
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Synthetic opioids, sharing properties of opium and morphine, include meperidine, propoxyphene, diphenoxylate, fentanyl, buprenorphine, methadone, and pentazocine. Various opiate effects are analgesia, respiratory depression, constipation, and euphoria.
Fentanyl (80 to 100 times more powerful than morphine) is especially dangerous.
Atropine blocks the muscarinic receptors. Atropine decreases gastrointestinal tract motility and secretion and causes constipation.
Although various derivatives and congeners of atropine (such as propantheline, isopropamide, and glycopyrrolate) have been advocated in patients with peptic ulcer or with diarrheal syndromes
Neostigmine is Cholinesterase inhibitors that enhance the effects of parasympathetic stimulation and leads to reversal of intoxication by agents with a anticholinergic action
All of the following statements are true regarding the cephalosporin
antibiotics except
1). they are bactericidal
2). they are ineffective against gram negative microorganisms
3). they are potentially cross allergenic with penicillin
4). they are resistant to penicillinase
Pharmacology Answer: 2
cephalosporin are bactericidal, are potentially cross allergenic with penicillin, resistant to penicillinase
Which of the following agents is used for the treatment of Thrombocytopenia secondary to myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy?
1) Filgrastim
2) Sargramostim
3) Oprelvekin
4) Erythropoietin
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Oprelvekin (Interleukin 11) is the only agent approved by the FDA for treatment of thrombocytopenia secondary to myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy
Filgrastim (G-CSF) and Sargramostim (GM-SCF) are used in the treatment of neutropenia
Erythropoietin is used in treatment of anemia
Protamine sulphate reverses the effect of
1) Meperidine
2) Atropine
3) Hepartn
4) Strychnine.
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia may be associated with irreversible aggregation of platelets and treating venous thromboembolism. The incidence of thrombocytopenia after administration of LMWH is lower than with standard heparin. Adverse drug reactions like those caused by standard heparin have been seen during therapy with LMWH, and overdose is treated with protamine.
In Dicumarol poisoning which Vit K is used
1) Menadione
2) Menaqunone
3) Phytonadione
4) None of the above
Pharmacology Answer: 3
To reverse the effect of overdose of oral anticoagulants:
Phytonadione (K1) is the preparation of choice, because it acts most rapidly, dose depends on the severity of upoprothrombinemia & bleeding.
Which receptors are implicated in anti emetic effects:
1) D2
2) V2
3) MU2
4) GABA
Pharmacology Answer: 2
CTZ rich in D2 and 5HT receptors
Ipratropium bromide is useful in bronchial asthma because of
1) Anticholinergic effect
2) Vasodilator properties
3) Antiallergic action
4) Stabilization of mast cells
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Ipratropium (as ipratropium bromide, trade name Atrovent) is an anticholinergic drug administered by inhalation for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases.
It acts by blocking muscarinic receptors in the lung, inhibiting bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion.
It is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, and does not diffuse into the blood, which prevents systemic side effects.
Ipratropium is a derivative of atropine[1] but is a quaternary amine and therefore does not cross the blood-brain barrier