Study Notes

Laser Classifications Hard Tissue Lasers Er:YAG and Er:YSGG: Highest water absorption coefficients Applications: Calculus removal, root surface modification, bone surgery Soft Tissue Applications CO2 Laser: Excellent for soft tissue procedures Diode Lasers: Hemostasis and bacterial reduction Microsurgery Principles Wound Approximation Technique: Butt joint approximation for optimal healing Instrumentation: Instruments weighing ≤…

Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell anemia is a autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It affects the BETA GLOBIN gene on the CHROMOSOME 16. In sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin abnormality consists of a point mutation in the beta chain gene for hemoglobin; the resulting abnormal gene product is denoted HbS. If you are heterozygous for the HbS gene you will have what is called sickle trait, which is asymptomatic .  If you are homozygous for the HbS gene …

SPECIAL VISCERAL AFFERENT (SVA) PATHWAYS Taste Special visceral afferent (SVA) fibers of cranial nerves VII, IX, and X conduct signals into the solitary tract of the brainstem, ultimately terminating in the nucleus of the solitary tract on the ipsilateral side. Second-order neurons cross over and ascend through the brainstem in the medial lemniscus to the VPM of the thalamus. Thalamic projections to area 43 (the primary taste area) of the postcentral gyr…

The Specific Immune Response Definition The immune response comprises all the phenomenon resulting from specific interaction of cells of the immune-system with antigen. As a consequence of this interaction cells  appear that mediate cellular immune response as well cells that synthesis and secrete immunoglobulins Hence the immune response has 2 components. 1. Cell mediated immunity (CMI). 2:. Humoral immunity (antibodies) (I) Macroph…

Immunodeficiency This may be :- Congenital (Primary) Acquired (Secondary) Features : Complete or near complete lack of T & B lymphoid tissue. Fatal early in life Even with marrow grafting, chances of graft versus host reaction is high. B. T Cell Defects : Thymic dysplasia Digeorge’s syndrome Nazelof’s syndrome Ataxia teltngiectaisa Wiscott Aldrich’s syndrome These  lessons show predominantly defective …