Study Notes

The Lateral Wall of the Orbit This wall is thick, particularly its posterior part, which separates the orbit from the middle cranial fossa. The lateral wall is formed by the frontal process of the zygomatic bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Anteriorly, the lateral wall lies between the orbit and the temporal fossa. The lateral wall is partially separated from the roof by the superior orbital fissure.…

Nomenclature for stereoisomers: D and L designations are based on the configuration about the single asymmetric carbon in glyceraldehydes   For sugars with more than one chiral center, the D or L designation refers to the asymmetric carbon farthest from the aldehyde or keto group. Most naturally occurring sugars are D isomers. D & L sugars are mirror images of one another. They have the same name. For example, D-glucose and L-glucose Othe…

HYPERPLASIA It is the increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to increase in the number of its constituent cells. This is seen in organs made up of labile and stable cells. Causes I. Increased demand: - Bone marrow in hypoxia and haemolytic states. - Thyroid gland in puberty 2. Persistant Trauma: - Acanthosis of the epidermis in chronic inflammations and in warts. - Hyperplasia of oral mucosa due tooth and denture trauma. - Mucosa at the edges of…

Procaine penicillin Procaine penicillin is a combination of benzylpenicillin with the local anaesthetic agent procaine. This combination is aimed at reducing the pain and discomfort associated with a large intramuscular injection of penicillin. Indications respiratory tract infections where compliance with oral treatment is unlikely ,syphilis, cellulitis…

Microvascular Trigeminal Decompression (The Jannetta Procedure) Microvascular decompression (MVD), commonly known as the Jannetta procedure, is a surgical intervention designed to relieve the symptoms of classic trigeminal neuralgia by addressing the underlying vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve. This procedure is particularly effective for patients who have not responded to medical management or who experience significant side effects from medi…