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Transoral Lithotomy: Procedure for Submandibular Duct Stone Removal Transoral lithotomy is a surgical technique used to remove stones (calculi) from the submandibular duct (Wharton's duct). This procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia and is effective for addressing sialolithiasis (the presence of stones in the salivary glands). Procedure Preoperative Preparation: Radiographic Assessment: The exact location of the s…
Verruca vulgaris 1. Commonly known as warts. 2. Caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). 3. Warts can be seen on skin or as an oral lesion (vermilion border, oral mucosa, or tongue). 4. Transmitted by contact or autoinoculation. 5. A benign lesion.…
Pioneer bacteria invade dentinal tubules before clinical signs Tubules contain pure forms: One tubule → cocci Adjacent tubule → bacilli or threads No mixed forms within a single tubule…
FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY Velocity or rate of enzymatic reaction is assessed by the rate of change in concentration of substrate or product at a given time duration. Various factors which affect the activity of enzymes include: 1. Substrate concentration 2. Enzyme concentration 3. Product concentration 4. Temperature 5. Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) 6. Presence of activators 7. Presence of inhibitor Effect of substrate Co…
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NEET MDS