Study Notes

Antipsychotic Drugs A.    Neuroleptics: antipsychotics; refers to ability of drugs to suppress motor activity and emotional expression (e.g., chlorpromazine shuffle) Uses: primarily to treat symptoms of schizophrenia (thought disorder); also for psychoses (include drug-induced from amphetamine and cocaine), agitated states Psychosis: variety of mental disorders (e.g., impaired perceptions, cognition, inappropriate or ↓ affect or mood) E…

Age changes in the dentition I. After the teeth have reached full occlusion, microscopic tooth movements occur to compensate for wear at the contact area (Mesial Drift) and occlusal surfaces (by Deposition of cementum at the root apex) 2. Attrition of incisal ridges and cusp tips may be so severe that dentin may become exposed and intrinsically stained 3. Secondary dentin may be formed in response to dental caries, trauma, and aging and result in decreased …

The Skeleton of the Nose The immovable bridge of the nose, the superior bony part of the nose, consists of the nasal bones, the frontal processes of the maxillae, and the nasal part of the frontal bones. The movable cartilaginous part consists of five main cartilages and a few smaller ones. The U-shaped alar nasal cartilages are free and movable. They dilate and constrict the external nares when the muscles acting on the external nose contract. …

Abnormalities of Salt, Water or pH Examples: Hyperkalemia: caused by kidney disease & medical malpractice High K+ in blood- can stop the heart in contraction (systole) Dehydration: walking in desert- can lose 1-2 liters/hour through sweat Blood becomes too viscous to circulate well -> loss of temperature regulation -> hyperthermia, death Acidosis: many causes including diabetes mellitus and respiratory prob…

FUNGAL INFECTION Aspergillosis Opportunistic infections caused by Aspergillus sp and inhaled as mold conidia, leading to hyphal growth and invasion of blood vessels, hemorrhagic necrosis, infarction, and potential dissemination to other sites in susceptible patients. Symptoms and Signs: Noninvasive or, rarely, minimally locally invasive colonization of preexisting cavitary pulmonary lesions also may occur in the form of fungus ball (aspergilloma) formation…