Study Notes

Types of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances Braces: Traditional Metal Braces: Composed of metal brackets bonded to the teeth, connected by archwires. They are the most common type of fixed appliance. Ceramic Braces: Similar to metal braces but made of tooth-colored or clear materials, making them less visible. Lingual Braces: Brackets are placed on the inner surface of the teeth, making them invisible from the outside. Self-Li…

The Temporalis Muscle This is an extensive fan-shaped muscle that covers the temporal region. It is a powerful masticatory muscle that can easily be seen and felt during closure of the mandible. Origin: floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia. Insertion: tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible. Innervation: deep temporal branches of mandibular nerve (CN V3). The temporalis e…

Dens in Dente (Tooth Within a Tooth) Dens in dente, also known as "tooth within a tooth," is a developmental dental anomaly characterized by an invagination of the enamel and dentin, resulting in a tooth structure that resembles a tooth inside another tooth. This condition can affect both primary and permanent teeth. Diagnosis Radiographic Verification: The diagnosis of dens in dente is confirmed through radiographic examination. Radiogr…

These cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from food. Essential Amino Acids Key Functions Histidine Growth, tissue repair, precursor for histamine Isoleucine Muscle metabolism, immune function Leucine Muscle repair, protein synthesis Lysine Collagen formation, calcium absorption Methionine Antioxidant, methyl group do…

Keratoses (Horny Growth) 1. Seborrheic keratosis is a common benign epidermal tumor composed of basaloid (basal cell-like) cells with increased pigmentation that produce a raised, pigmented, "stuck-on" appearance on the skin of middle-aged individuals.  - they can easily be scraped from the skin's surface.  - frequently enlarge of multiply following hormonal therapy.  - sudden appearance of large numbers of Seborrheic keratosis is a …