Study Notes

Management of Skin Loss in the Face Skin loss in the face can be a challenging condition to manage, particularly when it involves critical areas such as the lips and eyelids. The initial assessment of skin loss may be misleading, as retraction of skin due to underlying muscle tension can create the appearance of tissue loss. However, when significant skin loss is present, it is essential to address the issue promptly and effectively to prevent complicatio…

White Blood Cells (leukocytes) White blood cells are much less numerous than red (the ratio between the two is around 1:700), have nuclei, participate in protecting the body from infection, consist of lymphocytes and monocytes with relatively clear cytoplasm, and three types of granulocytes, whose cytoplasm is filled with granules. Lymphocytes: There are several kinds of lymphocytes, each with different functions to perform , 25% of wbc The most …

Enzyme Clinical Use Indicates CK (Total) Muscle injury, rhabdomyolysis Trauma, statin-induced myopathy CK-MM Skeletal muscle-specific Muscular dystrophies AST Also elevated in muscle damage Used alongside CK LDH Non-specific marker Muscle, liver, or cardiac damage…

Bence Jones Proteins: Mostly gamma chains Commonest lytic lesion site: Vertebral column Russell bodies: Found in plasma cells Bone scan not useful No ALP elevation High ESR: Often seen Prognostic marker: Beta-2 microglobulin…

Fentanyl (Sublimaze) Related chemically to meperidine. Approximately 80 times more potent than morphine. Duration of action very short (t1/2 20 min). Used mainly following general anesthesia. Neurolept analgesia: Fentanyl & Droperidol (Innovar) fentanyl in analgesic (2-10 µg/kg), or anaesthetic (30-100 µg/kg) doses seldom causes significant decreases in blood pressure when given alone, even in patients with poor LV function hypotens…