Study Notes

First Local Anaesthetic: Cocaine First Muscle Relaxant: D-Tubocurarine (DTC) Intubation Pioneer: Ivan Magill (Magill's forceps)  Preoperative Considerations Stop smoking ideally 8 weeks prior to surgery. Urgent warfarin reversal: Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). Atropine: ↓ Salivation Bronchodilation Flushing in pediatric patients…

Properties of inhalation anesthetics The lower the solubility, the faster the onset and the faster the recoverability. All general anesthetics: 1. inhibit the brain from responding to sensory stimulation. 2. block the sensory impulses from being recorded in memory. 3. prevent the sensory impulses from evoking “affect”. Most general anesthetic agents act in part by interacting with the neuronal membranes to affect ion channels and membra…

SHOCK Shock  is  defined  as  a  pathological  state  causing  inadequate  oxygen  delivery  to  the peripheral tissues and resulting in lactic acidosis, cellular hypoxia and disruption of normal metabolic condition. CLASSIFICATION Shock is generally classified into three major categories: 1.    Hypovolemic shock 2.    Cardiogenic shock 3.    Di…

Meperidine (Demerol) Meperidine is a phenylpiperidine and has a number of congeners. It is mostly effective in the CNS and bowel Produces analgesia, sedation, euphoria and respiratory depression. Less potent than morphine, 80-100 mg meperidine equals 10 mg morphine. Shorter duration of action than morphine (2-4 hrs). Meperidine has greater excitatory activity than does morphine and toxicity may lead to convulsions. Meperidine appears to have some at…

Laser Classifications Hard Tissue Lasers Er:YAG and Er:YSGG: Highest water absorption coefficients Applications: Calculus removal, root surface modification, bone surgery Soft Tissue Applications CO2 Laser: Excellent for soft tissue procedures Diode Lasers: Hemostasis and bacterial reduction Microsurgery Principles Wound Approximation Technique: Butt joint approximation for optimal healing Instrumentation: Instruments weighing ≤…