Study Notes

Lung volumes and capacities:  I. Lung`s volumes 1. Tidal volume (TV) : is the volume of air m which is inspired and expired during one quiet breathing . It equals to 500 ml.   2. Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) : The volume of air that could be inspired over and beyond the tidal volume. It equals to 3000 ml of air.   3. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) : A volume of air that could be forcefully expired after the end of quiet tidal volume. It…

Respiratory Viral Diseases Respiratory viral infections cause acute local and systemic illnesses. The common cold, influenza, pharyngitis, laryngitis (including croup), and tracheobronchitis are common. An acute, usually afebrile, viral infection of the respiratory tract, with inflammation in any or all airways, including the nose, paranasal sinuses, throat, larynx, and sometimes the trachea and bronchi. Etiology and Epidemiology Picornaviruses, especia…

Enterococci Most common are E. fecalis and E. fecium.  Cause inflammation at site of colonization. Serious resistance to antibiotics.  E. fecium is now a vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE)…

Photostimulable Phosphors (PSPs) in Digital Imaging Photostimulable phosphors (PSPs), also known as storage phosphors, are materials used in digital imaging for the acquisition of radiographic images. They serve as an alternative to traditional film-based radiography. Characteristics of PSPs Storage Mechanism: Unlike conventional screen materials used in panoramic or cephalometric imaging, PSPs do not fluoresce immediately upon exposure …

Upper Airway Components Nasal cavity: First line filtration, warming, humidification Oral cavity: Alternative route, larger diameter Pharynx: Nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx Larynx: Voice production, airway protection Trachea: Conduit to lower respiratory tract Critical Anatomical Considerations Tongue: Largest soft tissue mass in oral cavity Epiglottis: Primary airway protection mechanism Vocal cords: Narrowest part of adult airway …