Study Notes

Stylohyoid Muscle Origin: Posterior border of the styloid process of the temporal bone. Insertion: Body of the hyoid bone at the junction with the greater horn. Nerve Supply: Facial nerve (CN VII). Arterial Supply: Muscular branches of the facial artery and muscular branches of the occipital artery. Action: Elevates the hyoid bone and base of the tongue.…

SHOCK Definition. It is a clinical state of acute inadequacy of perfusion to tissues due to fall in effective circulating blood volume. This inadequacy can be caused by : Increased vascular capacity Decreased blood volume Altered distribution of available blood Defective pumping system Causes: (1) Hypovolemic Massive hamorrhage (external or  internal). Loss of plasma as in bums. Dehydration due to severe vomiting, diarrh…

Wax elimination (burnout): Wax elimination or burnout consists of heating the investment in a thermostatically controlled furnace until all traces of the wax are vaporized in order to obtain an empty mold ready to receive the molten alloy during procedure. • The ring is placed in the furnace with the sprue hole facing down to allow for the escape of the molten wax out freely by the effect of gravity . • The temperature reached by the investment dete…

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Best Verbal Response The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a clinical scale used to assess a patient's level of consciousness and neurological function, particularly after a head injury. It evaluates three aspects: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. The best verbal response (V) is one of the components of the GCS and is scored as follows: Best Verbal Response (V) 5 - Appropriate and Oriented: Th…

White Blood Cells (leukocytes) White blood cells are much less numerous than red (the ratio between the two is around 1:700), have nuclei, participate in protecting the body from infection, consist of lymphocytes and monocytes with relatively clear cytoplasm, and three types of granulocytes, whose cytoplasm is filled with granules. Lymphocytes: There are several kinds of lymphocytes, each with different functions to perform , 25% of wbc The most …