Study Notes

Contractility : Means ability of cardiac muscle to convert electrical energy of action potential into mechanical energy ( work). The excitation- contraction coupling of cardiac muscle is similar to that of skeletal muscle , except the lack of motor nerve stimulation.  Cardiac muscle is a self-excited muscle , but the principles of contraction are the same . There are many rules that control the contractility of the cardiac muscles, which are: 1. All or n…

Caridex SystemCaridex is a dental system designed for the treatment of root canals, utilizing the non-specific proteolytic effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to aid in the cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system. Below is an overview of its components, mechanism of action, advantages, and drawbacks. 1. Components of Caridex A. Caridex Solution I Composition: 0.1 M Butyric Acid 0.1 M Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) 0.1 M Sodium Hydro…

Agranulocytosis. Severe neutropenia with symptoms of infective lesions. Drugs. are an important cause and the effect may be due to . -Direct toxic effect. -Hypersensitivity. Some of the 'high risk drugs are. -Amidopyrine. -Antithyroid drugs. -Chlorpromazine, mapazine. -Antimetabolites and other drugs causing pancytopenia. Bloodpicture:  Neutropenia with toxic granules in neutrophils. Marrow shows decrease in granulocyte precursors with toxic …

Non-epithelial cysts (not true cysts) Solitary bone cyst Radiology The solitary bone cyst appears as a well-defined but non-corticated radiolucency. Typically, it has little effect on adjacent structures and 'arches' up between the roots of teeth . The inferior dental canal may not be displaced, but the cortical margins of the canal may be lost where it overlies the lesion. Expansion is rare. Pathology The cyst is lined by fibrovascul…

Cell Type Marker B-cell CD19 Myeloid MPO Memory T-cell CD45RO Most common ALL: Pre – B-cell type L-asparaginase: Used in ALL CNS prophylaxis: Intrathecal methotrexate…