Study Notes

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder resulting from damage to the brain during its development before, during, or shortly after birth. This condition is non-progressive, meaning that it does not worsen over time, but it manifests as a range of neurological problems that can significantly impact a child's mobility, muscle control, and posture. Causes: The primary cause of CP is any factor that leads to decreased oxygen supply (hypoxia) to th…

1 - Passive processes - require no expenditure of energy by a cell: Simple diffusion = net movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The rate of diffusion is influenced by: concentration gradient cross-sectional area through which diffusion occurs temperature molecular weight of a substance distance through which diffusion occurs Osmosis = diffusion of water across a semi permeable m…

Jaundice, or icterus a. Characterized by yellowness of tissues, including skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.  b. Caused by excess conjugated and/or unconjugated serum bilirubin. (increased levels of bilirubin in the blood) lcterus is visible when the serum bilirubin exceeds 2 mg/dl. In unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubin is not excreted into the urine because of tight protein binding in serum. In conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, small amounts of biliru…

Age-Related Psychosocial Traits and Skills for 2- to 5-Year-Old Children Understanding the psychosocial development of children aged 2 to 5 years is crucial for parents, educators, and healthcare providers. This period is marked by significant growth in motor skills, social interactions, and language development. Below is a breakdown of the key traits and skills associated with each age group within this range. Two Years Motor Skills: Focused on gro…