Study Notes

Hepatitis A virus. - Hepatitis A (HAV) is a self-limited hepatitis caused by an RNA virus  - Symptoms last 2 to 4 weeks. - There is no risk of developing chronic hepatitis in the future. - Incubation period is short, lasting 2 to 6 weeks. - Infection is identified by HAV-specific antibodies (IgM if acute, IgG if past disease). - The usual route of infection is fecal-oral transmission by contaminated food. There is no carrier state and no chronic disease…

Clotrimazole: Clotrimazole is a potent, specific inhibitor of p450 enzymes. It is used in some antifungal medications, and in the treatment of yeast infections.

Connective Tissue Functions of Connective tissue: → joins together other tissues → supporting framework for the body (bone) → fat stores energy → blood transports substances   Connective tissue is usually characterized by large amounts of extracellular materials that separate cells from each other, whereas epithelial tissue is mostly cells with very little extracellular material. The extracellular substance of connective…

Red blood cell cycle: RBCs enter the blood at a rate of about 2 million cells per second. The stimulus for erythropoiesis is the hormone erythropoietin, secreted mostly by the kidney. RBCs require Vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron. The lifespan of RBC averages 120 days. Aged and damaged red cells are disposed of in the spleen and liver by macrophages. The globin is digested and the amino acids released into the blood for protein manufacture; the heme is toxic an…