Gabapentin (Neurontin): newer; for generalized tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures (partial and complex)

Mechanism: unknown but know doesn’t mimic GABA inhibition or block Ca currents

Side effects: dizziness, ataxia, fatigue; drug well-tolerated and no significant drug interactions

Hydromorphone

• About 8-10 times more potent than morphine when given intravenously.
• Slightly shorter duration of action.
• More soluble than morphine, thus higher concentrations may be injected if necessary.
• Better oral/parenteral absorption ratio than morphine, but not as good as codeine or oxycodone.

• It is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain

Stimulants: 

Amphetamines: amphetamine is a substrate of serotonin and NE uptake transporters so in cytoplasm, it competes for transport into storage vesicles → ↑ [ ] in cytoplasm then excess amines bind to membrane transporter and are transported out of cell

Drugs: 
a.    Dextroamphetamine: psychomotor stimulant (↓ fatigue), short-term weight loss, prevents narcolepsy
b.    Methylphenidate (Ritalin): prevents narcolepsy, treatment for ADD and ADHD
c.    Methamphetamine: psychomotor stimulant, abused widely (cheap, easy to make)

Side effects: 
a.    CNS: euphoria, anxiety, agitation, delirium, paranoia, panic, suicidal/homicidal impulses, psychoses, tolerance (develops rapidly to most CNS effects), physical dependence (not clinically relevant)
b.    CV: headache, chills, arrhythmias and HTN (may be fatal)

Nystatin

Candida spp. are sensitive to nystatin.

Uses: Cutaneous, vaginal,  mucosal and  esophageal  infections.

Candida infections can be treated with nystatin.

Cryptococcus is also sensitive to nystatin.

Nystatin is often used as prophylaxis in patients who are at risk for fungal infections, such as AIDS patients with a low CD4+ count and patients receiving chemotherapy.

MOA

nystatin binds to ergosterol, the main component of the fungal cell membrane. When present in sufficient concentrations, it forms a pore in the membrane that leads to K+ leakage and death of the fungus.

Methadone

Pharmacology and analgesic potency similar to morphine.

• Very effective following oral administration.
• Longer duration of action than morphine due to plasma protein binding (t1/2 approximately 25 hrs).
• Used in methadone maintenance programs for drug addicts and for opiate withdrawal. Opiate withdrawal is more prolonged but is less intense than it is following morphine or heroin.

Oxytetracycline

Treats Oxytetracycline is a medicine used for treating a wide range of infections including infections of the lungs, urinary system, skin and eyes. It may also be used to treat sexually transmitted infections, infections caused by lice, rickettsial infections, cholera and plague. It is very occasionally used to treat leptospirosis, gas gangrene, and tetanus.