Buspirone

1. Short half-life (2–4 hours).
2. Relieves anxiety.
3. Does not act as an anticonvulsant.
4. Is not a good muscle relaxant.
5. Minimum abuse potential.

Beta-Adrenergic blocking Agents 

• Prototype - Propranolol 
• Prevent or inhibit sympathetic stimulation
– Reduces heart rate
– Myocardial contractility 
– Reduce BP - decreases myocardial workload and O2 demand 
• In long-term management used to decrease frequency and severity of anginal attacks 
• Added when nitrates do not prevent anginal episodes 
• Prevents exercise induced tachycardia
• Onset of action 30 min after oral dose. 1-2 min IV

Therapeutic Actions
• Block Beta adrenergic receptors in the heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus 
• Decrease the influence of the sympathetic nervous system decreasing excitability of the heart 
• Decrease cardiac output. 
• Indicated for long term management of anginal pectoris caused by atherosclerosis 

Atenolol, metoprolol, and nadolol have the same actions, uses, and adverse effects as propranolol, but they have long half-lives and can be given once daily. They are excreted by the kidneys, and dosage must be reduced in clients with renal impairment.

Gentamicin

Gentamicin is a aminoglycoside antibiotic, and can treat many different types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infection.

Gentamicin works by binding to a site on the bacterial ribosome, causing the genetic code to be misread.

Like all aminoglycosides, gentamicin does not pass the gastro-intestinal tract, so it can only be given intravenously or intramuscularly.

Gentamicin can cause deafness or a loss of equilibrioception in genetically susceptible individuals. These individuals have a normally harmless mutation in their DNA, that allows the gentamicin to affect their cells. The cells of the ear are particularly sensitive to this.

Gentamicin can also be highly nephrotoxic, particularly if multiple doses accumulate over a course of treatment. For this reason gentamicin is usually dosed by body weight. Various formulae exist for calculating gentamicin dosage. Also serum levels of gentamicin are monitored during treatment.

E. Coli has shown some resistance to Gentamicin, despite being gram-negative

Properties of inhalation anesthetics

The lower the solubility, the faster the onset and the faster the recoverability.

All general anesthetics:

1. inhibit the brain from responding to sensory stimulation.

2. block the sensory impulses from being recorded in memory.

3. prevent the sensory impulses from evoking “affect”.

Most general anesthetic agents act in part by interacting with the neuronal membranes to affect ion channels and membrane excitability.

· If the concentration given is too low:

1. Movement may occur

2. Reflex activity present (laryngeal spasm)

3. Hypertension

4. Awareness

Premedication of analgesic drugs and muscle relaxants are designed to minimise these effects

· If the concentration given is too high:

1. Myocardial depression

2. Respiratory depression

3. Delayed recovery

Celecoxib

is a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor and primarily inhibits this isoform of cyclooxygenase, whereas traditional NSAIDs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. Celecoxib is approximately 10-20 times more selective for COX-2 inhibition over COX-1.

Being a sulphonamide can cause skin rash &  hypersensitivity rxn., occasional oedema& HT.

Indication

Osteoarthritis ( 100‐200mg BID ) , rheumatoid  arthritis, dysmenorrhea, acute gouty attacks,  acute musculoskeletal pain. 

Streptomycin

Streptomycin was the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to be discovered, and was the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis. It is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus.

Streptomycin cannot be given orally, but must be administered by regular intramuscular injection.