Methicillin

Methicillin is an antibiotic related to penicillin and other beta-lactam containing antibiotics. It is often used to treat infections caused by bacteria carrying an antibiotic resistance, e.g., staphylococci. As methicillin is deactivated by gastric acid, it has to be administered by injection.

Uses Methicillin serves a purpose in the laboratory to determine antibiotic sensitivity in microbiological culture.

Hypothalamic - Pituitary Drugs

Somatropin

Growth hormone (GH) mimetic

Mechanism

agonist at GH receptors
increases production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1)

Clinical use

GH deficiency
increase adult height for children with conditions associated with short stature 
Turner syndrome
wasting in HIV infection
short bowel syndrome

Toxicity

scoliosis
edema
gynecomastia
increased CYP450 activity

Octreotide

Somatostatin mimetic

Mechanism

agonist at somatostatin receptors

Clinical use

acromegaly
carcinoid
gastrinoma
glucagonoma
acute esophageal variceal bleed

Toxicity

GI upset
gallstones
bradycardia
Oxytocin

Mechanism

agonist at oxytocin receptor

Clinical use

stimulation of labor
uterine contractions
control of uterine hemorrhage after delivery
stimulate milk letdown

Toxicity

fetal distress 
abruptio placentae 
uterine rupture
Desmopressin
ADH (vasopressin) mimetic

Mechanism

agonist at vasopressin V2 receptors

Clinical use

central (pituitary) diabetes insipidus
hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
increases availability of factor VIII
von Willebrand disease
increases release of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells

Toxicity

GI upset
headache
hyponatremia
allergic reaction

Erythromycin

used for people who have an allergy to penicillins. For respiratory tract infections, it has better coverage of atypical organisms, including  mycoplasma. It is also used to treat outbreaks of chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea.

Erythromycin is produced from a strain of the actinomyces Saccaropolyspora erythraea, formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus.

Antihypertensives Drugs

CATEGORIES
I.    Diuretics to reduce blood volume 
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)

II. Drugs that interfere with the Renin-Angiotensin System

A. Converting enzyme inhibitors             Captopril , enalapril, Lisinopril

B. Angiotensin receptor antagonists         Saralasin Losartan 

III. Decrease peripheral vascular resistance and/or cardiac output

A. Directly acting vasodilators
1. calcium channel blockers           Nifedipine , Diltiazem,  amlodipine

2. potassium channel activators     Minoxidil 

3. elevation of cGMP                      Nitroprusside 

4. others                                         Hydralazin e

B. Sympathetic nervous system depressants

1. α-blockers                             Prazosin, phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine

2. β-blockers                             Propranolol ,Metoprolol, atenolol

3. norepinephrine synthesis inhibitors     Metyrosine 

4. norepinephrine storage inhibitors     Reserpine
 
5. transmitter release inhibitors         Guanethidine 

6. centrally acting: decrease 
sympathetic outflow                     Clonidine , methyldopa

Methods of general anesthesia

CIRCLE SYSTEM

*HIGH-FLOW

FRESH GAS FLOW > 3 l/min.

*LOW-FLOW

FGF ok. 1l/min.

*MINIMAL-FLOW

FGF ok. 0,5 l/min.

Valdecoxib

used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, acute pain conditions, and dysmenorrhoea

Etoricoxib new  COX-2 selective inhibitor