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Oral Pathology - NEETMDS- courses
NEET MDS Lessons
Oral Pathology

Trotter’s Syndrome

  • Key Features: Pharyngeal pain due to nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  • Associated Structures: CN V, CN IX, CN X

 Post-Herpetic Neuralgia

  • Key Features: Persistent pain after Herpes Zoster, often affecting the ophthalmic division
  • Associated Structures: CN V1

 Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (Herpes Zoster Oticus)

  • Key Features: Facial paralysis, ear pain, vesicles, hoarseness, vertigo
  • Associated Structures: Geniculate ganglion, CN VII

 Reader’s Syndrome (Para-Trigeminal Syndrome)

  • Key Features: Trigeminal pain with ocular sympathetic paralysis
  • Associated Structures: CN V + sympathetic fibers

 Sphenopalatine Neuralgia (Sluder’s / Horton’s / Lower Half Headache)

  • Key Features: Unilateral pain in eye, maxilla, ear, mastoid, zygoma; no trigger zone; may occur at same time daily
  • Associated Structures: Vidian nerve, cavernous sinus

Horner’s Syndrome

  • Key Features: Triad of miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis; facial vasodilation
  • Associated Structures: Sympathetic chain lesion

 Frey’s Syndrome (Auriculotemporal Syndrome)

  • Key Features: Gustatory sweating during eating; flushing in temporal region
  • Associated Structures: Auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)

 Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia

  • Key Features: Sharp pain in ear, pharynx, tonsil, posterior tongue; trigger zone in tonsillar fossa
  • Associated Structures: CN IX

Occipital Neuralgia

  • Key Features: Unilateral pain in neck and occipital region; tender spot below superior nuchal line
  • Associated Structures: Cervical plexus sensory branches

 Eagle’s Syndrome (Stylohyoid Syndrome)

  • Key Features: Deep dull pain in oropharynx, posterior auricular region, dysphagia, limited neck motion
  • Associated Structures: Elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament

  • Bacteria adhere to acquired pellicle
  • Coaggregation enables biofilm complexity
  • Sucrose → lactic acid → pH drops → Hydroxyapatite dissolves

Key Enzymes Recap:

  • Invertase → splits sucrose
  • GTF → forms sticky glucans for adhesion
  • FTF → synthesizes fructans for biofilm scaffolding

  • Blood: Aneurysmal bone cyst, Vascular lesion, Vessel puncture.

  • Air: Traumatic bony cyst (Simple Bone Cyst/Hemorrhagic Bone Cyst), Maxillary sinus.

  • Chocolate Colored Fluid: Warthin's Tumor (salivary gland cyst).

  • SLE → IgG, IgM, IgA deposits at BMZ + superficial lamina propria
  • Lichen Planus (Erosive/Atrophic) → Autoimmune T-cell; BMZ involvement
  • Cicatricial Pemphigoid → Subepidermal blistering from anti-BMZ antibodies

  • Bull Neck: Seen in Diphtheria and Ludwig's Angina.

  • Bull's Eye Lesion / Target Lesions: Characteristic of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Erythema Multiforme.

  • Bull's Teeth: Refers to Taurodontism.

  • Circus Rubber Man: Clinical appearance associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (due to hypermobility and skin elasticity).

  • Claw Hands: A physical deformity seen in advanced Scleroderma.

  • Coup de Sabre: A linear depression or groove resembling a "saber cut" seen in Facial Hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome) and localized Scleroderma (linear scleroderma).

  • CREST Syndrome: A limited form of Scleroderma, characterized by:

    • Calcinosis

    • Raynaud's phenomenon

    • Esophageal dysfunction

    • Sclerodactyly

    • Telangiectasias

  • Crowe's Sign: Axillary or inguinal freckling seen in Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

  • Frog Facies: A characteristic facial appearance seen in Crouzon Syndrome (due to midfacial hypoplasia and exophthalmos).

  • Gorlin Sign: The ability to touch the tip of the nose with the tongue, seen in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (due to increased joint laxity).

  • Hockey Stick Deformity of Femur and Shepherd's Crook Sign: Radiographic findings typically associated with Fibrous Dysplasia.

  • Parrot's Beak Nose: A nasal deformity seen in Crouzon Syndrome.

  • Red Strawberry Tongue and Pastia's Lines: Clinical signs characteristic of Scarlet Fever.

  • Rodent Facies: A facial appearance often associated with Thalassemia.

  • Simian Stance: A stooped posture, reminiscent of an ape, seen in Paget's Disease of Bone.

  • Snail Track Ulcers: Serpiginous, grayish-white lesions on mucous membranes, characteristic of Syphilis (mucous patches in secondary syphilis).

  • Socks Feet and Mitten Hands: Refers to syndactyly (fusion of digits) appearing like a sock or mitten, seen in Apert's Syndrome.

  • Parrot Beak Shaped Nails: A nail deformity (onychogryphosis) seen in Congenital Syphilis.

Regional Odontodysplasia

  • Key Feature: Widened pre-dentin layer
  • Histology: Large areas of interglobular dentin

Supernumerary Roots

  • Most Common: Mandibular canines and premolars

Congenitally Missing Teeth

Permanent Teeth (Descending Order):

  1. Third molar
  2. Mandibular 2nd premolar
  3. Maxillary lateral incisor
  4. Maxillary 2nd premolar

Deciduous Teeth: Maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors

 Streptococcus mutans Mechanism

  • Key Substrate: Sucrose
  • Metabolic Pathway: Phosphorylation → Glycolysis → Lactic acid
  • Enzymes:
    • Invertase: Converts sucrose to glucose + fructose
    • Glucosyltransferase (GTF): Forms sticky glucans
    • Fructosyltransferase (FTF): Produces fructans

Actinomyces naeslundii

  • Fimbriated surface → fuzzy texture
  • Type 1 fimbriae: Bind tooth surfaces/collagen
  • Type 2 fimbriae: Bind galactose/galactosamine (epithelial/bacterial targets)
MDS SUBJECTS

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