• Mosaic / Cotton Wool Bone → Paget’s Disease
• Orange Peel / Ground Glass → Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia
• Salt & Pepper Bone → Thalassemia
• Phantom Bone / Massive Osteolysis → Bone disappearance
• Drill / Rider’s / Exercise Bone → Myositis Ossificans
• Brittle Bone → Osteogenesis Imperfecta
• Wormian Bones → Cleidocranial Dysplasia
• Coarse Woven Bone → Fibrous Dysplasia

Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesion / Mikulicz Syndrome

• Chronic enlargement of lacrimal and salivary glands

• Associated with Sjogren’s syndrome

Sialosis / Sialadenosis

• Non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic enlargement of salivary glands

Sialadenitis

• Inflammatory disease of salivary glands

 Sialadenoma Papilliferum

• Papillomas of salivary gland excretory ducts

Atresia

• Congenital absence or occlusion of major salivary gland ducts

Sialorrhea

• Increased salivation

• Seen in conditions like Parkinson’s disease

 Sialolithiasis

• Salivary duct stones in glands or ducts

• Common in submandibular gland

 Sialodochitis

• Inflammation of salivary gland ducts

Smoker's Palate & Melanosis

• Status: NOT premalignant
• Exception: Reverse smoking palatal changes ARE premalignant

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF)

Initial Stage:

• Vesicles may be present
• Dilated capillaries

Advanced Stage:

• Compressed capillaries due to fibrosis

Non-epithelial cysts (not true cysts)

Solitary bone cyst

Radiology

The solitary bone cyst appears as a well-defined but non-corticated radiolucency. Typically, it has little effect
on adjacent structures and 'arches' up between the roots of teeth .

The inferior dental canal may not be displaced, but the cortical margins of the canal may be lost where it overlies the lesion. Expansion is rare.

Pathology

The cyst is lined by fibrovascular tissue that often includes haemosiderin and multinucleate giant cells.

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Radiology

The aneurysmal bone cyst typically presents as a fairly well-defined radiolucency. Sometimes it has a multilocular appearance because of the occurrence of internal bony septa and opacification. Marked expansion is a feature.

Pathology

The predominant feature of an aneurysmal bone cyst is the presence of blood-filled spaces of variable size lying in a stroma rich in fibroblasts, multinucleate giant cells and haemosiderin. Deposits of osteoid are also seen
 

Leukoplakia

• Type: Clinical term
• Histology: Hyperkeratosis ± Dysplasia

Verrucous Carcinoma

• Type: Variant of SCC
• Features:
  • Intact basement membrane
  • Parakeratin plugging
  • Broad "elephant-foot" rete ridges

Adenosquamous Carcinoma

• Features: Mixed adenocarcinoma + SCC

1. Nasopalatine cyst is the most common non-odontogenic cyst
2. Globulomaxillary cyst entity is controversial - many consider it a variant of lateral periodontal cyst
3. Median mandibular cyst is extremely rare - always consider other diagnoses first
4. Nasolabial cyst is the only one with no radiographic features
5. All these cysts are developmental in origin

Quick Facts for MCQs:

• Oval + Maxillary midline = Nasopalatine cyst
• Pear-shaped + Between teeth = Globulomaxillary cyst
• Soft tissue swelling + No X-ray changes = Nasolabial cyst
• Mandibular midline + Rare = Median mandibular cyst

MEMORY AIDS

"NASAL" for Nasopalatine Cyst:

• Non-odontogenic (most common)
• Anterior maxilla
• Spacing of centrals
• Above/between central incisors
• Location: incisive canal

"PEAR" for Globulomaxillary:

• Pear-shaped (inverted)
• Enlarges slowly
• Adjacent to lateral incisor & canine
• Root divergence

"SOFT" for Nasolabial:

• Soft tissue cyst
• Obstruction of nose
• Fold involvement (nasolabial)
• Tissue only (no bone involvement)