• Steroids, Thiazides, Niacin, Phenytoin
• Protease inhibitors, Alpha IF, Clozapine, Beta agonists

🧠 Endocrine-Related DM

• Cushing’s, Acromegaly, Pheochromocytoma
• Thyroid disorders, Glucagonoma, Somatostatinoma
• (Note: Hypoglycemia in Addison's disease)

💓 Cardiovascular & Renal

• ↑GFR → Earliest sign of diabetic nephropathy
• Microalbuminuria → Most reliable marker
• ACEIs → Nephroprotective, but contraindicated in CRF (hyperkalemia)

👁️‍🗨️ Complications

• Wet gangrene, Blindness, Amputation (2nd most common after trauma)

💊 Special Drug Mention

• Telmisartan → Only ARB acting on PPAR-γ → preferred in DM