Keratinized Gingiva and Attached Gingiva

The gingiva is an essential component of the periodontal tissues, providing support and protection for the teeth. Understanding the characteristics of keratinized gingiva, particularly attached gingiva, is crucial for assessing periodontal health.

Keratinized Gingiva

1. Definition:

   • Keratinized gingiva refers to the gingival tissue that is covered by a layer of keratinized epithelium, providing a protective barrier against mechanical and microbial insults.

2. Areas of Keratinized Gingiva:

   • Attached Gingiva:
     • Extends from the gingival groove to the mucogingival junction.
   • Marginal Gingiva:
     • The free gingival margin that surrounds the teeth.
   • Hard Palate:
     • The roof of the mouth, which is also covered by keratinized tissue.

Attached Gingiva

1. Location:

   • The attached gingiva is the portion of the gingiva that is firmly bound to the underlying alveolar bone.

2. Width of Attached Gingiva:

   • The width of attached gingiva varies based on location and can increase with age and in cases of supraerupted teeth.

3. Measurements:

   • Greatest Width:
     • Found in the incisor region:
       • Maxilla: 3.5 mm - 4.5 mm
       • Mandible: 3.3 mm - 3.9 mm
   • Narrowest Width:
     • Found in the posterior region:
       • Maxillary First Premolar: 1.9 mm
       • Mandibular First Premolar: 1.8 mm

Clinical Significance

• Importance of Attached Gingiva:

  • The width of attached gingiva is important for periodontal health, as it provides a buffer zone against mechanical forces and helps maintain the integrity of the periodontal attachment.
  • Insufficient attached gingiva may lead to increased susceptibility to periodontal disease and gingival recession.

• Assessment:

  • Regular assessment of the width of attached gingiva is essential during periodontal examinations to identify potential areas of concern and to plan appropriate treatment strategies.