NEET MDS Lessons
Conservative Dentistry
Condensers/pluggers are instruments used to deliver the forces of compaction to the underlying restorative material. There are
several methods for the application of these forces:
1.
Hand pressure: use of this method alone is contraindicated except in a few situations like adapting the first piece of gold tothe convenience or point angles and where the line of force will not permit use of other methods. Powdered golds are also
known to be better condensed with hand pressure. Small condenser points of 0.5 mm in diameter are generally
recommended as they do not require very high forces for their manipulation.
2.
Hand malleting: Condensation by hand malleting is a team work in which the operator directs the condenser and moves itover the surface, while the assistant provides rhythmic blows from the mallet. Long handled condensers and leather faced
mallets (50 gms in weight) are used for this purpose. The technique allows greater control and the condensers can be
changed rapidly when required. However, with the introduction of mechanical malleting, use of this method has decreased
considerably.
3.
Automatic hand malleting: This method utilizes a spring loaded instrument that delivers the desired force once the spiralspring is released. (Disadvantage is that the blow descends very rapidly even before full pressure has been exerted on the
condenser point.
4.
Electric malleting (McShirley electromallet): This instrument accommodates various shapes of con-denser points and has amallet in the handle itself which remains dormant until wished by the operator to function. The intensity or amplitude
generated can vary from 0.2 ounces to 15 pounds and the frequency can range from 360-3600 cycles/minute.
5.
Pneumatic malleting (Hollenback condenser): This is the most recent and satisfactory method first developed byDr. George M. Hollenback. Pneumatic mallets consist of vibrating nit condensers and detachable tips run by
compressed air. The air is carried through a thin rubber tubing attached to the hand piece. Controlling the air
pressure by a rheostat nit allows adjusting the frequency and amplitude of condensation strokes. The construction
of the handpiece is such that the blow does not fall until pressure is placed on the condenser point. This continues
until released. Pneumatic mallets are available with both straight and angled for handpieces.