Modern dental noble metal casting alloys generally have equiaxed fine grain structures because of the incorporation of small amounts of
1) Chromium
2) Indium
3) Iridium
4) Palladium
📝 Explanation:
The term equiaxed refers to the fact that three dimensions of each grain are similar. In dendritic structure, grains are elongated. Dendritic micro structures are not desirable for cast dental alloys, reason being the inter dendritic regions can serve as sites for
crack propagation.
Addition of about 1 wt% of ruthenium, Iridium or rhenium as grain refiners makes modern dental noble metal casting alloys as equiaxed microstructures.