A malignant tumour cell moves through the stages of:
1. Progression ¨ vascularization ¨ invasion ¨ detachment ¨ embolization
2. Vascularization ¨ invasion ¨ prepression ¨ detachment ¨ embolization
3. invasion¨ vascularization¨progression ¨ detachment ¨ embolization
4. Detachment ¨invasion ¨ vascularization ¨ progression ¨ embolization
π Explanation:
The correct answer is: 1. Progression ¨ vascularization ¨ invasion ¨
detachment ¨ embolization.
Explanation of the stages for a malignant tumor cell:
1. Progression: This is the initial stage of tumor development where the cells
acquire the ability to proliferate in an uncontrolled manner. This can be due to
genetic mutations that alter the normal regulatory mechanisms that control cell
division. The tumor grows locally within the tissue or organ of origin.
2. Vascularization: Also known as angiogenesis, this stage involves the
formation of new blood vessels that supply the tumor with nutrients and oxygen,
which is essential for its continued growth and progression. The tumor cells
secrete factors that stimulate the growth of blood vessels into the tumor mass.
3. Invasion: The malignant tumor cells develop the capability to invade
surrounding tissues. They secrete enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix
and basement membrane, allowing them to move through these barriers and invade
neighboring tissues and organs.
4. Detachment: During this stage, tumor cells detach from the primary tumor
site. This is facilitated by the loss of cell-to-cell adhesion molecules and the
degradation of the extracellular matrix by proteolytic enzymes.
5. Embolization: Detached tumor cells can then enter the lymphatic system or
bloodstream. This process is known as intravasation. They travel through these
vessels as emboli and can potentially form new tumors at distant sites, which is
the process of metastasis.
MCQ