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NEET MDS Quiz - Practice Test
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Practice Test

Medicine - 3 Questions

1
Medicine
The pathophysiological change in a patient of NIDDM is
1. Increased level of insulin in blood
2. Pancreatic cells do not produce insulin
3. No change in lipid profile
4. Ketosis occurs on stopping treatment

๐Ÿ“ Explanation:

NIDDM, or Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 diabetes), is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin. To compensate for this resistance and maintain normal blood glucose levels, the pancreas initially produces excess insulin, leading to increased levels of insulin in the blood (hyperinsulinemia).

2
Medicine
A patient was taken up for measurement of the electromechanical systole, QS2, left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and pre-ejection period. While doing the test, it is noted that the carotid transducer measuring pressure is not functioning. Which of the following cannot be measured?
1. QS2
2. LVET and PEP
3. QS2 and LVET
4. QS2 and PEP

๐Ÿ“ Explanation:

QS2 (electromechanical systole): Interval from the onset of the Q wave on ECG to the second heart sound (aortic valve closure).

Can be measured using ECG + phonocardiogram (no carotid pulse needed).

LVET (Left Ventricular Ejection Time): Duration of blood ejection from LV, measured from the upstroke to the dicrotic notch of the carotid pulse tracing.Requires carotid pulse recording.

PEP (Pre-ejection period): Interval from onset of ventricular depolarization (Q wave) to the beginning of LV ejection (upstroke of carotid pulse). Also requires carotid pulse recording.


If the carotid transducer is not functioning, you cannot measure:

LVET (needs carotid upstroke → dicrotic notch)

PEP (needs carotid upstroke relative to Q wave)

But you can still measure QS2 using ECG + phonocardiogram.

3
Medicine
A boy was diagnosed to have vitamin D resistant rickets. His serum Ca2++ was 9 mg/dL and PO42- was 2.4 mg/dL and alkaline phosphatase was 1041 IU/L. The parathormone level was 59 units. The diagnosis is most likely to be
1. Hypophosphatemic rickets 
2. Vitamin D dependant rickets 
3. Hyperparathyroidism 
4. Distal renal tubular acidosis

๐Ÿ“ Explanation:

Hypophosphatemic rickets, also known as vitamin D resistant rickets, is characterized by renal phosphate wasting, leading to low serum phosphate levels (hypophosphatemia), while serum calcium levels and parathyroid hormone levels typically remain normal. The high alkaline phosphatase level is consistent with bone disease (rickets). 

The lab values provided (Ca++ 9 mg/dL, PO4-- 2.4mg/dL), PTH (59units) fit this profile.      

Vitamin D dependent rickets (Type 1 and 2) typically presents with hypocalcemia (low calcium) and hypophosphatemia. 

Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by hypercalcemia (high calcium) and hypophosphatemia. 

Distal renal tubular acidosis can cause rickets, but it usually involves hypercalcemia and metabolic acidosis.

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