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Endodontics - 3 Questions
A horizontal root fracture creates a pathway that allows the filling material to escape the confines of the canal space and appear as a distinct line on a radiograph.
An endogram is a diagnostic image used to visualize the extent of internal resorption, which can appear as an oval-shaped radiolucency within the pulp chamber or canal space. Both conventional and digital radiographs can be used to produce an endogram.
Hydroxylation of protocollagen to true collagen in wound healing requires all three factors: 1) Oxygen - provides the oxidizing environment necessary for the hydroxylation reaction, 2) Ferric ion (Fe3+) - acts as a cofactor for the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase, 3) Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) - essential cofactor that maintains iron in the ferrous state and is required for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase activity. Deficiency of any of these factors leads to defective collagen synthesis, resulting in poor wound healing and scurvy-like symptoms.