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NEET MDS Quiz - Practice Test
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pharmacology - 3 Questions

1
Pharmacology

Penicillins:

1)  Are the antibiotic of choice for anaerobic infections
2)  Are bacteriostatic
3)  Are protagonistic to tetracycline   
4)  Interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis     

📝 Explanation:

The penicillins all act by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, by inhibiting cross-linking of the mucopeptides in the cell wall and as such are bacteriocidal. Bacteria are attacked when cells are dividing and so in theory antibiotics that are bacteriostatic would decrease the efficacy of bacteriocidal drugs. However, this doesn’t often cause a problem but tetracycline and penicillin are antagonistic and should not be used at the same time. Metronidazole is the antibiotic of choice for anaerobic infections.

2
Pharmacology

Which drug is most effective in reducing mortality in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction ? 

1)  Enalapril
2)  Aspirin
3)   Digoxin
4)  Frusemide

📝 Explanation:

ACE inhibition has a beneficial impact on survival rates, functional status, and hemodynamics in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

In the renin-angiotensin system, a fall in perfusion pressure stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney to release the enzyme renin.

Renin cleaves the decapeptide angiotensin I from angiotensinogen, a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver.

The octapeptide angiotensin II is formed by the action of ACE on angiotensin I.

Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates the release of aldosterone and norepinephrine.

3
Pharmacology

Metronidazole is a treatment of choice for : 

1) Salmonellosis
2) Ulcerative colitis
3) hookworm parasitic infection
4) Pseudomembranous colitis

📝 Explanation:

metronidazole 250 mg po qid for 7 to 10 days is the treatment of choice.

Oral vancomycin 125 mg qid is reserved for the most severe or resistant cases

The antimicrobials most widely regarded as optimal for the treatment of salmonellosis in adults is the group of fluoroquinolones.

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