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Practice Test

pharmacology - 3 Questions

1
Pharmacology

Rapid induction of anaesthesia occurs with which of the following inhalational anaesthetics

1. Isoflurane
2. Halothane
3. Desflurane
4. Sevoflurane

📝 Explanation:

less solublity in blood means more rapid induction, however quicker emergence after discontinuing depends upon solublity and redistribution in lipids of body as well

2
Pharmacology

The administration of barbiturates is contraindicated in :

1) Anxiety disorders
2) Acute intermittent prophyria
3) Kernicterus
4) Refractive status epilepticus

📝 Explanation:

Acute intermittent prophyria (AIP) : Barbiturates exacerbate it by inducing microsomal enzymes and d amino levulinic acid synthetase and increasing prophyrin synthesis.

Note: Contraindications of barbiturates : · Liver and kidney disease · Severe pulmonary insufficiency eg. Emphysema · Obstructive sleep apnoea 

3
Pharmacology

Which drug is most effective in reducing mortality in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction ? 

1)  Enalapril
2)  Aspirin
3)   Digoxin
4)  Frusemide

📝 Explanation:

ACE inhibition has a beneficial impact on survival rates, functional status, and hemodynamics in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

In the renin-angiotensin system, a fall in perfusion pressure stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney to release the enzyme renin.

Renin cleaves the decapeptide angiotensin I from angiotensinogen, a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver.

The octapeptide angiotensin II is formed by the action of ACE on angiotensin I.

Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates the release of aldosterone and norepinephrine.

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