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NEET MDS Quiz - Practice Test
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Practice Test

physiology - 3 Questions

1
Physiology

What is the main function of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
1) To reabsorb sodium and chloride
2) To reabsorb sodium and potassium
3) To reabsorb sodium and secrete hydrogen
4) To reabsorb sodium, potassium, and chloride
E) To reabsorb sodium and hydrogen carbonate

📝 Explanation:

The sodium-potassium-2-chloride (Na+-K+-2Cl-) cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is responsible for reabsorbing sodium and chloride ions from the tubular fluid into the blood. This process helps in the maintenance of osmotic balance and the generation of the medullary interstitial gradient.

2
Physiology

Which of the following is not a type of action potential propagation?
1) Autocrine
2) Paracrine
3) Endocrine
4) Synaptic
E. All of the above are types of action potential propagation.

📝 Explanation:

The question contains an error. The terms autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and synaptic are not types of action potential propagation. Instead, they describe different modes of hormonal or neuronal signaling. Action potentials are propagated along axons without any of these specific types of interactions.

3
Physiology

What is the primary mechanism by which the stomach protects itself from self-digestion by its own enzymes?
1) Mucus secretion by gastric mucosal cells
2) Presence of intrinsic factor in the gastric juice
3) High concentration of bicarbonate in gastric juice
4) Low pH of gastric juice inhibiting its own enzymes
E) The mucosal lining is impermeable to H+ ions

📝 Explanation:

The stomach protects itself from the harsh acidic environment and its own digestive enzymes through the secretion of a thick layer of mucus by mucosal cells. This mucus barrier forms a physical and chemical barrier that shields the underlying tissue from the acid and pepsin. Additionally, the stomach lining has a high turnover rate and is continuously regenerated, and the enzymes in the gastric juice are inactive until they come into contact with food.

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